Abortive (fruit). Not developed completely.

	Alternate (arrangement of leaves, buds). Not opposite. When leaves are arranged singly on the stem, one leaf at a node. (See also Leaf Arrangement.)

Angular (twigs). The cross-sectional shape of the twig is not rounded.

	Awl-shaped or Awl-like (leaf). Narrow and tapering to a sharp point.

Bark. The rind or outside covering of a stems and roots of trees.

Basal disc (fruit). A plate-like structure on the base of a fruit.

	Blade (leaf). The expanded portion of a leaf. (See also Leaf parts.)

Bloom. A whitish covering; usually on new shoot growth or fruit.

Bract. A leaf-like structure which is attached to a flower, a fruit, or to its stalk.

Branchlet. Shoot growth of the latest growing season.

	Bristle-tipped. (leaf) When the lobes of a leaf are terminated with short, stiff, prickly hairs.

	Bud. An undeveloped or dormant branch. leaf, or flower, usually enclosed by protective scales.

Bud Scales. (buds) Reduced leaves covering a bud.

	Bur (fruit). A prickly or spiny husk enclosing the seed. (See also Common Fruits.)

	Capsule (fruit). A dry fruit enclosing more than one seed and splitting freely at maturity. (See also Common Fruits.)

	Catkin. A compact, cylindrical cluster of flowers of the same sex.

Chambered (pith). With hollow cavities separated by discs or plates.

	Compound (leaf). A leaf composed of smaller leaf units or leaflets. (See also Leaf Forms.)

Conical. Wide at the base and gradually tapering to a point; circular in cross section.

Conifer. Cone bearing trees; the so-called "evergreens."

	Cordate (leaf). Heart-shaped at the petiole end or base. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

Cup (fruit). The scaled, concave basal portion of oak fruit.

	Crenate. Leaf margin with rounded teeth. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Cyme. A flattened flowering structure, center flowers bloom earliest.

Deciduous (trees). All leaves drop in the autumn; not evergreen.

Lenticel (bark). Corky, raised pores on woody parts with openings for air-gas exchange.

	Deltoid (leaf). Broadly triangular, with the base nearly straight and the sides often a little curved toward the tip. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Diaphragmed (pith). Solid but divided into sections by firmer discs.

	Double Serrate (leaf). Leaf margin with small teeth on the larger teeth. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Drupe (fruit), Fleshy outside, hard and stone-like inside. (See also Common Fruits.)

	Ellipsoid. Tapers equally at both ends; more than twice as long as broad.

	Elliptical. Like an ellipse; flat and tapering equally at both ends.

	Entire (leaf). Margin of leaf without teeth, lobes, or divisions. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Even (base) When the amount of blade on both sides of the midrib is about the same. Not one-sided, unequal, or oblique. (See also Leaf Bases.)

Fascicle (leaf). A cluster of conifer leaves.

Fluted (stem) . With alternating, rounded depressions and ridges; sinuate.

	Flat (Leaf tip) (See Also Leaf Tips)

	Fruit. The seed-bearing part of a tree.

Glands. Generally raised structures at the tips of hairs, or on a leaf, petiole, or twig.

Globose. Spherical or globe-shaped.

Habitat. Environmental type, e.g. rocky, moist, well-drained, etc.

Head. A compact aggregate of flowers or fruit on a common stalk.

	Hooked (teeth)

Husk (fruit). The somewhat leathery, outer covering of a fruit sometimes capable of splitting along well-defined lines.

	Lance-shaped or Lanceolate. Long and tapering; several times longer than broad; broadest at the base. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

Leaf. Stalk and blade of hardwoods; needles and scales of conifers.

	Leaf Arrangement. The arrangement of leaves on the stem.

	Leaf Bases

	Leaf Forms

	Leaf Margins

	Leaf Parts

	Leaf Shapes

	Leaf Tips

	Leaf Veins

	Leaflets. Smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf. (See also Leaf parts.)

Lenticel (bark). Corky, raised pores on woody parts with openings for air-gas exchange.

	Linear (leaf). Much longer than broad with parellel margins. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Lobed (leaf). With large, rounded or pointed projections along the leaf-margin. Projection formed by indentations of the leaf margin. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Margin (leaf). The edge, perimeter, or portion forming the outline.(See also Leaf parts.)

	Midrib (leaf). The large central vein. (See also Leaf parts.)

	Needle-like (leaf). A leaf that is thin, short, and often pointed such as those of pine, spruce, and fir.

	Net Veined (leaf) System of veins not parallel. Arranged either pinnately or palmately. (See also Leaf Veins)

	Notched (Leaf tip) (See Also Leaf Tips)

	Oblanceolate (leaf). Shaped like a lance; narrower than oblong and tapering toward the base more than toward the tip. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Oblong. Longer than wide with nearly parallel sides. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Obovate. Egg-shaped in outline; broadest above the middle. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Opposite (arrangement of leaves, buds). Directly across from one another on a common axis, or twig. If leaves are paired on a stem, two at each node, they are opposite. (See also Leaf Arrangements)

	Oval. Somewhat elliptical; less than twice as long as broad. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Ovate. Egg-shaped in outline; broadest below the middle. (See also Leaf Shapes.)

	Ovoid. An egg-shaped solid.

	Palmate or Palmately Compound (leaf). Compound, with leaflets originating at the same point on a common stalk. (See also Leaf Forms.)

	Palmate or Palmately Veined (vein). Veins originating at a common point at base of leaf blade. (See also Leaf Veins.)

	Parallel Veined (vein). Principal veins of the leaf run parallel to the midvein. (See also Leaf Veins.)

	Petiole (leaf). The stalk that supports the leaf blade. (See also Leaf parts.)

	Pinnate or Pinnately Compound (leaf). Compound, with leaflets along a common rachis or stalk. (See also Leaf Forms.)

	Pinnate or Pinnately Veined (leaf). Veins originating along a common mid-vein. (See also Leaf Veins.)

Pistillate. Containing female portions of flowers, or the pistils.

	Raceme. Numerous stalked flowers or fruit along a common axis.

	Pith. The central cellular part of the stem.

Pungent. Producing a sharp, bitter, stringing, or irritating sensation of taste and smell.

	Rachis. The common stalk in a compound leaf to which the leaflets are attached. (See also Leaf parts.)

Ranked (leaves). Arranged in rows on some conifers.

	Samara. A winged fruit e.g. ash, maple.(See also Common Fruits.)

Scales (bud). Small, modified leaves on the outer surface of buds.

Scales (cone). The basic structures that enclose the seeds.

	Scale-like (leaf). Small, generally overlapping, triangular-shaped leaves of some conifers.

Seed. That part of the fruit capable of germinating and producing a new plant.

	Serrate (leaf). Margins with a saw-tooth outline. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Simple (leaf). A single leaf composed of a single blade. Not compound. (See also Leaf parts.)

Smooth. Without hairs, glands, or any roughness.

	Solid (pith) The central cellular part of the stem is not hollow or diaphragmed.

Spur. A short, extremely slow-growing, woody twig projection.

	Spine. A sharp-pointed wood body, commonly a modified branch or stipule.

	Stalked. (Leaflet)

Staminate. Containing male portions of flowers, or the stamens.

	Star-shaped (pith). The central cellular part of the stem is shaped like a star in cross-section.

	Stipule. A tiny, leafy, sometimes spiny projection arising at the base of a petiole. (See also Leaf parts.)

Stone. The "bony" pit of drupes.

	Toothed (leaf) . With moderate projections along the margin. (See also Leaf Margins.)

	Umbel. A group of flowers or fruit whose stalks have a common point of attachment.

	Unequal or One-Sided (leaf base). Base parts of blade on either side of midrib are uneven.

Valve-like (bud scales). Meet at their margins and do not overlap.

	Wavy or Undulated (leaf margin). Undulating but smooth; not toothed nor lobed.

	Whorled (Arrangement of leaves, buds). If three or more leaves occur at a single node, they are whorled. (See also Leaf Arrangement.)